Among the topics that may be studied in ecology degree programs are: \n
\n- Ecology, evolution, and adaptation
\n- Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems
\n- Costs and benefits of social behaviors
\n- Estimation of population density
\n- Adaptations of predators
\n- Food chains
\n- Global patterns of biological diversity
\n- Environmental issues and resource management
\n- Global warming
\n- Ecological field and lab techniques
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Programs typically combine classroom instruction with laboratory activity and fieldwork.
", "image": "https://res.cloudinary.com/hnpb47ejt/image/upload/c_fill,h_160,q_80,w_160/v1580435225/vyl81a2yutb1jiozym1m.jpg"}, {"id": 384, "cip_code": "26.1302", "name": "Marine Biology", "slug": "marine-biology-degree", "link": "/degrees/marine-biology-degree/", "satisfaction": null, "salary": 56754, "description": "
What exists under the Earth’s waters has been a subject of fascination for hundreds, if not thousands of years. Studying sea life helps us understand the world we live in, especially since the oceans cover over 70% of the surface of our planet! There is an incredible amount of research to be done in this field, as scientists estimate that only about 5% of the oceans have been explored so far.
\n
Marine biology is the study of marine or saltwater organisms in their natural habitat\u2014and marine biologists study everything from microscopic picoplankton and single-celled bacteria, to giant kelp and the majestic blue whales. They focus on understanding how marine organisms function today in order to predict how ecosystems will cope with large-scale changes such as climate change, overfishing, pollution, and invasive species.
\n
Research projects are at the heart of what most marine biologists do, whether it be actually collecting specimens in the field, compiling research data, finding real life applications for the research data, or classroom teaching.
\n
The minimum educational requirement to work as a marine biologist is a university undergraduate degree. A graduate degree is required for independent research.
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Conservation biology is a life science. Its mission is to protect and restore biodiversity \u2013 the diversity of plant and animal life on Earth.
\n
To preserve biodiversity, conservation biologists are focused on three questions: How is the diversity of life distributed around the planet? What threats does this diversity face? What can we do to reduce or eliminate these threats? These questions are at the heart of degree programs in conservation biology, which explore biodiversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels.
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Epidemiology, a fundamental science of public health, is concerned with health and disease at the population level; that is to say, within groups or communities. Its focus is the frequency, pattern, causes, and risk factors of diseases and other health-related events within these specified populations, which range from neighborhoods and schools to cities, states, countries, and the world at large.
\n
Epidemiologists \u2013 often referred to as disease detectives \u2013 are the scientists and investigators whose work begins with looking for clues by asking questions. Who is sick? What are their symptoms? When did they get sick? Where could they have been exposed? Using statistical analysis, epidemiologists study answers to these questions and produce data that lead them to identify how a particular health problem was introduced, how its spread can be controlled, and how it can be prevented.
\n
The historical foundation of epidemiology is the study of the causes and symptoms of infectious diseases or epidemics. Examples include Legionnaires\u2019 Disease and SARS. The field has grown significantly, however, and now encompasses the study of all types of health conditions and risks.
\n
Degree programs in epidemiology include coursework in public health, the biological and physical sciences, and statistics. Students learn about statistical methods, causal analysis, survey design, and applications of data.
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前
生态学及相关研究是一个学位类别，包括以下常见学位:
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在生态学学位课程中可能研究的主题包括:
- 生态学，进化和适应
- 陆地、淡水和海洋生态系统
- 社会行为的成本和收益
- 人口密度估算
- 适应的捕食者
- 食物链
- 生物多样性的全球模式
- 环境问题和资源管理
- 全球变暖
- 生态场域与实验室技术
项目通常将课堂教学与实验室活动和实地工作相结合。
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几百年来，甚至几千年来，地球水下的生物一直是一个令人着迷的话题。研究海洋生物有助于我们了解我们生活的世界，特别是因为海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%以上!在这一领域还有大量的研究要做，因为科学家估计到目前为止只有大约5%的海洋被探索过。
海洋生物学是一门研究海洋或咸水生物在其自然栖息地的学科海洋生物学家研究从微观微浮游生物和单细胞细菌，到巨大的海带和雄伟的蓝鲸的一切。他们专注于了解当今海洋生物的功能，以预测生态系统将如何应对大规模变化，如气候变化、过度捕捞、污染和入侵物种。
研究项目是大多数海洋生物学家工作的核心，无论是在野外收集标本，编纂研究数据，为研究数据寻找现实生活中的应用，还是课堂教学。
海洋生物学家的最低教育要求是大学本科学位。独立研究需要研究生学位。
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保护生物学是一门生命科学。它的使命是保护和恢复生物多样性，即地球上动植物生命的多样性。
保护生物多样性,保育生物学家聚焦于三个问题:地球上生命的多样性是如何分布的?这种多样性面临什么威胁?我们能做些什么来减少或消除这些威胁?这些问题是保护生物学学位课程的核心，这些课程在遗传、物种和生态系统层面探索生物多样性。
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流行病学是公共卫生的一门基础科学，研究人口层面的健康和疾病;也就是说，在群体或社区内。它的重点是在从社区和学校到城市、州、国家乃至全世界的特定人群中发生疾病和其他与健康相关事件的频率、模式、原因和风险因素。
流行病学家-通常被称为疾病的侦探是科学家和调查人员，他们的工作是从通过提问寻找线索开始的。谁生病了?他们的症状是什么?他们什么时候生病的?他们可能暴露在哪里?通过统计分析，流行病学家研究这些问题的答案，并得出数据，从而确定特定的健康问题是如何产生的，如何控制其传播，以及如何预防。
流行病学的历史基础是对传染病或流行病的原因和症状的研究。例如军团病和非典型肺炎。然而，这一领域有了显著的发展，现在涵盖了所有类型的健康状况和风险的研究。
流行病学学位课程包括公共卫生、生物和物理科学以及统计学的课程。学生学习统计方法，因果分析，调查设计和数据的应用。
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