What exists under the Earth’s waters has been a subject of fascination for hundreds, if not thousands of years. Studying sea life helps us understand the world we live in, especially since the oceans cover over 70% of the surface of our planet! There is an incredible amount of research to be done in this field, as scientists estimate that only about 5% of the oceans have been explored so far.

\n

Marine biology is the study of marine or saltwater organisms in their natural habitat\u2014and marine biologists study everything from microscopic picoplankton and single-celled bacteria, to giant kelp and the majestic blue whales. They focus on understanding how marine organisms function today in order to predict how ecosystems will cope with large-scale changes such as climate change, overfishing, pollution, and invasive species.

\n

Research projects are at the heart of what most marine biologists do, whether it be actually collecting specimens in the field, compiling research data, finding real life applications for the research data, or classroom teaching.

\n

The minimum educational requirement to work as a marine biologist is a university undergraduate degree. A graduate degree is required for independent research.

", "display_order": 1, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:34.862556-07:00", "updated_at": "2021-11-18T13:55:39.179879-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 384, "page": 1, "title": "Program Options", "summary_markdown": "**Bachelor\u2019s Degree in Marine Biology - Four Year Duration** \r\nEntry-level positions as a marine biologist typically require at least a bachelor’s degree. Although some universities do offer a major in marine biology, there are many that don’t. Therefore, it is quite common for individuals pursuing this field to major in subjects such as [ecology](/degrees/ecology-degree/), aquatic biology, oceanography, [botany](/degrees/botany-degree/), [geology](/degrees/geology-degree/), [environmental science](/degrees/environmental-science-degree/), wildlife biology, or [zoology](/degrees/zoology-degree/). \r\n\r\nBachelor degree programs in marine biology consist of required and elective courses. Mandatory coursework includes general biology, cell biology, ecology, and evolution. Electives, which allow students to concentrate on specific areas of interest, include mammal biology, vertebrae zoology, tropical ecosystems, fish ecology, [aquaculture](/degrees/aquaculture-degree/), biotechnology, environmental biology, molecular biology, toxicology, and species-specific biology. \r\n\r\nExtracting and collecting data to accurately predict growth and decline in marine populations is a major component of the work of marine biologists, therefore the study of statistical analysis is also a vital part of the curriculum.\r\n\r\nInternships are an essential part of many bachelor\u2019s programs in marine biology and related disciplines. These paid or unpaid internships are often offered in the summer and allow students to earn some college credit while working at a marine laboratory, biological research station, marine science lab, or marine center. To apply for an internship, students typically need to have completed at least one or two years of their undergraduate studies.", "content_markdown": "**Master’s Degree in Marine Biology - Two Year Duration** \r\nStudents who pursue a master’s degree need to focus on a more specific area of marine biology, such as marine mammals, marine plant life, or coral reefs. Pursuing a master’s degree will typically allow a marine biologist to begin performing more advanced scientific or investigative work that includes extensive research and hands-on learning experiences. \r\n\r\nCourses at the master\u2019s level typically include instruction in research and lab methods, research equipment, and professional science writing. By the end of a master\u2019s degree program, students have established their specialization through electives, independent study classes, and a thesis.\r\n\r\n**Doctorate in Marine Biology - Three to Five Year Duration** \r\nAccording to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, most research and teaching positions at the postsecondary level require a Ph.D. One of the most important aspects of a doctoral program is conducting independent research, from which students write a dissertation that they defend before a Ph.D. advisory committee. Enrolling in the right program is extremely important at this stage of education, as the research and dissertation can lay the foundation for a career in marine biology. Students should choose a doctoral program that is supported by faculty who are teaching and researching the subject they are wanting to focus on. \r\n\r\nNote: Some marine biologists may need training with various types of equipment. For example, marine biologists may need to know how to operate a boat in order to conduct research on open water. These different skills and techniques can be learned through hands-on learning opportunities, such as internships, research projects, or volunteer work.", "content_html": "

Master’s Degree in Marine Biology - Two Year Duration
\nStudents who pursue a master’s degree need to focus on a more specific area of marine biology, such as marine mammals, marine plant life, or coral reefs. Pursuing a master’s degree will typically allow a marine biologist to begin performing more advanced scientific or investigative work that includes extensive research and hands-on learning experiences.

\n

Courses at the master\u2019s level typically include instruction in research and lab methods, research equipment, and professional science writing. By the end of a master\u2019s degree program, students have established their specialization through electives, independent study classes, and a thesis.

\n

Doctorate in Marine Biology - Three to Five Year Duration
\nAccording to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, most research and teaching positions at the postsecondary level require a Ph.D. One of the most important aspects of a doctoral program is conducting independent research, from which students write a dissertation that they defend before a Ph.D. advisory committee. Enrolling in the right program is extremely important at this stage of education, as the research and dissertation can lay the foundation for a career in marine biology. Students should choose a doctoral program that is supported by faculty who are teaching and researching the subject they are wanting to focus on.

\n

Note: Some marine biologists may need training with various types of equipment. For example, marine biologists may need to know how to operate a boat in order to conduct research on open water. These different skills and techniques can be learned through hands-on learning opportunities, such as internships, research projects, or volunteer work.

", "display_order": 2, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:34.864707-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-10T15:27:22.613008-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 384, "page": 1, "title": "Degrees Similar to Marine Biology", "summary_markdown": "**Marine [Biotechnology](/degrees/biotechnology-degree/)** \r\nMarine biotechnology can be described as making practical and effective use of marine macro- or microorganisms to make products, technologies, and processes available. It covers areas such as health, aquaculture, cosmetics, industrial products and processes, food supplement, feed, and plant protection. Marine biotechnology applications can range from extracting new cancer treatments to seaweed farming. Scientists trained in marine biology, microbiology, chemistry, genomics and bioinformatics are sought out to work for new pharmaceutical companies that concentrate on developing new drugs from marine resources.\r\n\r\nMaster’s and doctoral programs in marine biotechnology may consist of coursework in biochemistry and cell biology, as well as research projects and teaching assistantships. Students need to have a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field like biology, chemistry or engineering for the master’s programs, and a bachelor’s degree in the life sciences or a relevant engineering field is a prerequisite for the doctoral programs.\r\n\r\n**[Hydrology](/degrees/hydrology-degree/)** \r\nHydrologists analyze water resources and study the distribution, circulation and physical properties of surface and underground waters. They usually work in a specialized area such as rivers, oceans, or groundwater, and often help environmental scientists preserve and clean up the environment. Water properties are studied, such as the effects of erosion, pollution, or the cycles of water flow by using computer prediction models. Hydrologists might also come up with proposals for wastewater systems, hydroelectric power, or sustainable uses of irrigation. These proposals as well as written reports on any findings may be presented to the public or to the government.\r\n\r\nThose looking for a career as a hydrologist can seek degree programs at the bachelor’s, master’s and Ph.D. levels.\r\n\r\n**Ichthyology** \r\nAn ichthyologist studies all fish species and is knowledgeable about their behaviour, developmental patterns, and reproductive habits. Some ichthyologists work in museums and educate the public about fish species and conservation awareness. Diving certification may be needed for underwater research. When working out in the field, ichthyologists collect samples, measure, and record data. They then examine and record their specimen findings in the lab. \r\n\r\nIchthyologists are required to possess at least a bachelor’s degree in a relevant biological science, such as zoology or marine biology. Many ichthyologists go on to earn master’s or doctoral degrees, which allow more opportunity for specializing and offer options in research and academia. Those that work in conducting research spend time writing and publishing scientific papers and writing proposals to secure grants that will fund research projects. They will also give lectures and participate in student projects.", "content_markdown": "**Marine Mammalogy** \r\nMarine mammalogists study the behaviour and habits of marine mammals. They can choose to specialize in: cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises); pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walrus); manatees; or other aquatic mammals (polar bears and sea otters).\r\n\r\nMammalogists can earn undergraduate degrees in animal biology, zoology or a similar field. Mammalogists that would like to work in research or in advanced positions may need graduate degrees. According to the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), a master’s or doctoral degree in zoology, environmental science, or wildlife management can be very valuable to a mammalogist.\r\n\r\n**[Oceanography](/degrees/oceanography-degree/)** \r\nOceanography can be separated into four distinct areas - biological, physical, chemical, and geological. Each type of oceanographer has different work environments: \r\n\r\n*Biological oceanographers* examine plants, microbes and animals and review how ocean contamination can affect marine species. They are similar to marine biologists in that they look at life forms and ecosystems, however they also study how external factors impact life forms in the oceans. \r\n\r\n*Physical oceanographers* focus on understanding ocean circulation patterns and fluid motion by studying the ocean’s attributes (temperature, salinity, waves, currents and tides). \r\n\r\n*Chemical oceanographers* look at the chemical composition of the ocean and its interaction with the environment. They study its acidity and try to understand how the biology and ecology of an ocean might be altered based on a changing chemical profile. \r\n\r\n*Geological oceanographers* (or geophysical oceanographers) research the ocean floor and use geophysical technologies to examine the makeup of the ocean bedrock and the processes of rock movement. \r\n\r\nDegrees in oceanography are available at the bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral levels.", "content_html": "

Marine Mammalogy
\nMarine mammalogists study the behaviour and habits of marine mammals. They can choose to specialize in: cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises); pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walrus); manatees; or other aquatic mammals (polar bears and sea otters).

\n

Mammalogists can earn undergraduate degrees in animal biology, zoology or a similar field. Mammalogists that would like to work in research or in advanced positions may need graduate degrees. According to the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), a master’s or doctoral degree in zoology, environmental science, or wildlife management can be very valuable to a mammalogist.

\n

Oceanography
\nOceanography can be separated into four distinct areas - biological, physical, chemical, and geological. Each type of oceanographer has different work environments:

\n

Biological oceanographers examine plants, microbes and animals and review how ocean contamination can affect marine species. They are similar to marine biologists in that they look at life forms and ecosystems, however they also study how external factors impact life forms in the oceans.

\n

Physical oceanographers focus on understanding ocean circulation patterns and fluid motion by studying the ocean’s attributes (temperature, salinity, waves, currents and tides).

\n

Chemical oceanographers look at the chemical composition of the ocean and its interaction with the environment. They study its acidity and try to understand how the biology and ecology of an ocean might be altered based on a changing chemical profile.

\n

Geological oceanographers (or geophysical oceanographers) research the ocean floor and use geophysical technologies to examine the makeup of the ocean bedrock and the processes of rock movement.

\n

Degrees in oceanography are available at the bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral levels.

", "display_order": 3, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:34.866786-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-10T15:30:42.766987-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 384, "page": 1, "title": "Skills You’ll Learn", "summary_markdown": "- An appreciation of marine life \r\n- Scientific ability \r\n- An observant and questioning mind \r\n- Patience\r\n- Being precise at analyzing and interpreting data \r\n- Ability to work alone and as part of a team \r\n- Stamina and physical fitness to work in demanding remote locations \r\n- A love of the outdoors\r\n- Ability to perform repetitive work for scientific experiments \r\n- Strong communication skills, in both writing and speaking \r\n- Ability to think creatively and have fresh ideas\r\n- Ability to work with data \r\n- An aptitude for manipulating raw information in various ways to solve problems and questions \r\n- Math and science skills through education and experience \r\n- Active listening skills", "content_markdown": "", "content_html": "", "display_order": 4, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:34.869224-07:00", "updated_at": "2021-11-18T13:55:39.183923-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 384, "page": 1, "title": "What Can You Do with a Marine Biology Degree?", "summary_markdown": "There are various areas a marine biologist can find employment in. They include: \r\n\r\n- Environmental consulting firms\r\n- Government departments\r\n- Colleges and universities\r\n- Research institutes\r\n- Marine science institutions \r\n- Aquariums\r\n- Conservation authorities\r\n- Aquaculture (fish and shellfish farms)\r\n- Private laboratories", "content_markdown": "", "content_html": "

There are various areas a marine biologist can find employment in. They include:

\n", "display_order": 5, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:34.871315-07:00", "updated_at": "2021-11-18T13:55:39.185062-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 384, "page": 1, "title": "Case Study", "summary_markdown": "Shelley Denny’s journey... \r\n\"The environment I grew up in really shaped my interest in marine biology. I was raised by my grandmother and lived with her until I went to university. We lived just five minutes from Bras d\u2019Or Lake, ten minutes from the ocean, and a brook ran through our backyard. Not only did all those different types of water surround me, but my grandmother also encouraged my intense curiosity about aquatic life and about nature in general. In other words, I have been interested in marine biology for most of my life\u2014beginning at an age when I didn\u2019t even know that my interest had a name. \r\n\r\nWhile high school courses didn\u2019t add much to this interest (I thought my classes were a bit \"ho-hum\u201d), I found university to be really fascinating. I went to Acadia University where my major was biology with a concentration in marine biology, and my minors were chemistry and psychology. I loved university for the scientific research and enjoyed the mental challenges that it brought.", "content_markdown": "Eventually, my university career presented other challenges as well; in my third year, I had a child. As a single parent, I struggled, but still found ways to put my daughter first and do well in school. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science and am now enrolled at St. Francis Xavier University where I\u2019m working towards my Master\u2019s in Science, with a concentration in fisheries ecology. I plan to complete my Ph.D. after that. My first job was with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in 1991. In 1992, I landed\u2014without training\u2014in a management position at the Eskasoni Fish & Wildlife Commission. Luckily, I learn quickly, and through experience I\u2019ve come to understand a great deal about the business world. In addition to management, this job has me continuing with various studies on many of the species in the Bras d\u2019Or Lake region. \r\n\r\nIn addition to my work with Eskasoni, I\u2019m also a member of a technical committee that advises the Chiefs of Cape Breton through the Unama\u2019ki Institute of Natural Resources. I am a firm believer that we are responsible for our resources. Whether our people fish for ceremonial or commercial reasons, we need to be responsible for sustaining fish stocks. Education provides us with the opportunity to understand and satisfy that responsibility. It also unlocks doors to the many opportunities for Aboriginal youth in the field of marine biology.\" (*https://www.eco.ca/career-profiles/marine-biologist/*)", "content_html": "

Eventually, my university career presented other challenges as well; in my third year, I had a child. As a single parent, I struggled, but still found ways to put my daughter first and do well in school. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science and am now enrolled at St. Francis Xavier University where I\u2019m working towards my Master\u2019s in Science, with a concentration in fisheries ecology. I plan to complete my Ph.D. after that. My first job was with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in 1991. In 1992, I landed\u2014without training\u2014in a management position at the Eskasoni Fish & Wildlife Commission. Luckily, I learn quickly, and through experience I\u2019ve come to understand a great deal about the business world. In addition to management, this job has me continuing with various studies on many of the species in the Bras d\u2019Or Lake region.

\n

In addition to my work with Eskasoni, I\u2019m also a member of a technical committee that advises the Chiefs of Cape Breton through the Unama\u2019ki Institute of Natural Resources. I am a firm believer that we are responsible for our resources. Whether our people fish for ceremonial or commercial reasons, we need to be responsible for sustaining fish stocks. Education provides us with the opportunity to understand and satisfy that responsibility. It also unlocks doors to the many opportunities for Aboriginal youth in the field of marine biology.\" (https://www.eco.ca/career-profiles/marine-biologist/)

", "display_order": 6, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:34.873412-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-10T15:33:16.177410-08:00"}], "degree_specializations": []}">

什么是海洋生物学学位?

几百年来,甚至几千年来,地球水下的生物一直是一个令人着迷的话题。研究海洋生物有助于我们了解我们生活的世界,特别是因为海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%以上!在这一领域还有大量的研究要做,因为科学家估计到目前为止只有大约5%的海洋被探索过。

海洋生物学是一门研究海洋或咸水生物在其自然栖息地的学科海洋生物学家研究从微观微浮游生物和单细胞细菌,到巨大的海带和雄伟的蓝鲸的一切。他们专注于了解当今海洋生物的功能,以预测生态系统将如何应对大规模变化,如气候变化、过度捕捞、污染和入侵物种。

研究项目是大多数海洋生物学家工作的核心,无论是在野外收集标本,编纂研究数据,为研究数据寻找现实生活中的应用,还是课堂教学。

海洋生物学家的最低教育要求是大学本科学位。独立研究需要研究生学位。

程序选项

海洋生物学学士学位-四年学制
海洋生物学家的初级职位通常需要至少学士学位。虽然一些大学提供海洋生物学专业,但也有很多大学不提供。因此,这是相当普遍的个人追求这一领域的专业科目,如生态、水生生物学、海洋学、植物学地质环境科学,野生动物生物学,或动物学

海洋生物学本科专业分为必修课和选修课。必修课程包括普通生物学、细胞生物学、生态学和进化论。选修课允许学生专注于自己感兴趣的特定领域,包括哺乳动物生物学、脊椎动物动物学、热带生态系统、鱼类生态学、水产养殖、生物技术、环境生物学、分子生物学、毒理学和物种特异性生物学。

提取和收集数据以准确预测海洋种群的增长和下降是海洋生物学家工作的主要组成部分,因此统计分析的研究也是课程的重要组成部分。

实习是许多海洋生物学及相关学科学士课程的重要组成部分。这些带薪或无薪实习通常在夏季提供,学生可以在海洋实验室、生物研究站、海洋科学实验室或海洋中心工作的同时获得一些大学学分。要申请实习,学生通常需要完成至少一年或两年的本科学习。

海洋生物学硕士学位-为期两年
攻读硕士学位的学生需要关注海洋生物学更具体的领域,如海洋哺乳动物、海洋植物或珊瑚礁。攻读硕士学位通常会让海洋生物学家开始从事更高级的科学或调查工作,包括广泛的研究和实践学习经验。

硕士水平的课程通常包括研究和实验室方法、研究设备和专业科学写作的指导。在硕士学位课程结束时,学生已经通过选修课、自主学习课程和论文建立了自己的专业。

海洋生物学博士学位-三至五年学制
根据美国劳工统计局(U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)的数据,大多数高等教育水平的研究和教学职位都需要博士学位。博士项目最重要的方面之一是进行独立研究,学生据此撰写论文,并在博士咨询委员会前进行答辩。在教育的这个阶段,选择合适的专业是非常重要的,因为研究和论文可以为海洋生物学的职业生涯奠定基础。学生应该选择由教授和研究他们想要关注的学科的教师支持的博士课程。

注:一些海洋生物学家可能需要各种设备的培训。例如,海洋生物学家可能需要知道如何操作船只,以便在开放水域进行研究。这些不同的技能和技巧可以通过实践学习机会学习,如实习、研究项目或志愿工作。

类似海洋生物学的学位

海洋生物技术
海洋生物技术可以被描述为实际有效地利用海洋宏观微生物或微生物,使产品、技术和过程可用。它涵盖保健、水产养殖、化妆品、工业产品和工艺、食品补充、饲料和植物保护等领域。海洋生物技术的应用范围从提取新的癌症治疗方法到海藻养殖。寻找受过海洋生物学、微生物学、化学、基因组学和生物信息学培训的科学家为专注于从海洋资源开发新药的新制药公司工作。

海洋生物技术的硕士和博士课程可能包括生物化学和细胞生物学的课程,以及研究项目和助教奖学金。攻读硕士学位的学生需要具备生物、化学或工程等相关领域的学士学位,攻读博士学位的学生必须具备生命科学或相关工程领域的学士学位。

水文
水文学家分析水资源,研究地表水和地下水的分布、循环和物理性质。他们通常在河流、海洋或地下水等专门领域工作,通常帮助环境科学家保护和清理环境。利用计算机预测模型研究水的性质,如侵蚀、污染的影响或水流的循环。水文学者也可能提出污水处理系统、水力发电或灌溉的可持续利用的建议。这些建议以及关于任何调查结果的书面报告可提交给公众或政府。

那些希望成为水文学家的人可以攻读学士、硕士和博士学位课程。

鱼类学
鱼类学家研究所有鱼类种类,了解它们的行为、发育模式和繁殖习惯。一些鱼类学家在博物馆工作,教育公众有关鱼类的种类和保护意识。水下研究可能需要潜水认证。在野外工作时,鱼类学家收集样本、测量和记录数据。然后他们在实验室检查并记录他们的标本发现。

要求鱼类学家至少拥有相关生物科学的学士学位,如动物学或海洋生物学。许多鱼类学家继续攻读硕士或博士学位,这使他们有更多的机会从事专业研究,并为他们在研究和学术界提供了选择。那些从事研究工作的人花时间撰写和发表科学论文,并撰写提案,以获得资助研究项目的拨款。他们还将进行讲座并参与学生项目。

海洋哺乳动物学
海洋哺乳动物学家研究海洋哺乳动物的行为和习惯。他们可以选择专攻:鲸目动物(鲸鱼、海豚和鼠海豚);鳍足类动物(海豹、海狮和海象);海牛;或者其他水生哺乳动物(北极熊和海獭)。

哺乳动物学家可以获得动物生物学、动物学或类似领域的本科学位。想从事研究或高级职位的哺乳动物学家可能需要研究生学位。根据美国哺乳动物学会(ASM)的说法,动物学、环境科学或野生动物管理方面的硕士或博士学位对哺乳动物学家来说非常有价值。

海洋学
海洋学可以分为四个不同的领域——生物、物理、化学和地质。每种类型的海洋学家有不同的工作环境:

生物海洋学家研究植物、微生物和动物,并回顾海洋污染如何影响海洋物种。他们与海洋生物学家相似,他们研究生命形式和生态系统,但他们也研究外部因素如何影响海洋中的生命形式。

物理海洋学家通过研究海洋的属性(温度、盐度、波浪、洋流和潮汐),专注于理解海洋环流模式和流体运动。

化学海洋学家看看海洋的化学成分及其与环境的相互作用。他们研究海洋的酸度,并试图了解海洋的生物学和生态学是如何根据化学剖面的变化而发生变化的。

地质海洋学家(或地球物理海洋学家)研究海底,并使用地球物理技术检查海洋基岩的组成和岩石运动过程。

海洋学学位分为学士、硕士和博士学位。

技能You’学习

  • 欣赏海洋生物
  • 科学能力
  • 善于观察和提问的头脑
  • 耐心
  • 能够准确地分析和解释数据
  • 能够独立工作和作为团队的一员
  • 体力和体能适合在偏远地区工作
  • 热爱户外运动
  • 能够完成科学实验的重复性工作
  • 较强的书面和口头沟通能力
  • 具有创造性思维和新鲜想法的能力
  • 能够处理数据
  • 以各种方式处理原始信息以解决问题的能力
  • 通过教育和经验获得数学和科学技能
  • 积极倾听技巧

获得海洋生物学学位能做什么?

海洋生物学家可以在很多领域找到工作。它们包括:

  • 环境咨询公司
  • 政府部门
  • 学院和大学
  • 研究机构
  • 海洋科学研究机构
  • 水族馆
  • 保护部门
  • 水产养殖(鱼类和贝类养殖场)
  • 私人实验室

案例研究

雪莱丹尼的旅程……
“我成长的环境真的塑造了我对海洋生物学的兴趣。我是由祖母抚养长大的,上大学前一直和她住在一起。我们住的地方离布拉斯多尔湖只有五分钟的路程,离大海只有十分钟的路程,一条小溪穿过我们的后院。不仅我周围有各种各样的水,而且我的祖母还鼓励了我对水生生物和自然的强烈好奇心。换句话说,在我还不知道我的兴趣有个名字的时候,我就对海洋生物学感兴趣了。

虽然高中的课程没有给我的兴趣增加多少(我觉得我的课程有点“无聊”),但我发现大学真的很吸引人。我上了阿卡迪亚大学,主修生物学,主修海洋生物学,辅修化学和心理学。我喜欢大学的科学研究和享受它带来的精神挑战。

最终,我的大学生涯也带来了其他的挑战;第三年,我有了一个孩子。作为一名单亲母亲,我很挣扎,但仍然设法把女儿放在第一位,并在学校取得好成绩。我获得了理学学士学位,现在就读于圣弗朗西斯泽维尔大学,在那里我正在攻读理学硕士学位,专注于渔业生态学。我计划在那之后完成我的博士学位。我的第一份工作是1991年在渔业和海洋部工作。1992年,我在没有接受任何培训的情况下,在埃斯卡索尼鱼类和野生动物委员会(Eskasoni Fish & Wildlife Commission)担任了一个管理职位。幸运的是,我学得很快,通过经验,我对商业世界有了很多了解。除了管理之外,这份工作还让我继续对布拉斯德奥尔湖地区的许多物种进行各种研究。

除了与埃斯卡索尼合作之外,我还是一个技术委员会的成员,通过Unama 'ki自然资源研究所向布雷顿角酋长提供咨询。我坚信我们要对自己的资源负责。无论我们的人民是出于礼仪还是商业原因捕鱼,我们都需要对维持鱼类资源负责。教育为我们提供了理解和履行这种责任的机会。它还为土著青年在海洋生物学领域打开了许多机会的大门。”(https://www.eco.ca/career-profiles/marine-biologist/

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