Master\u2019s Degree in Astrophysics \u2013 Two to Three Year Duration
\nAt the master\u2019s level students take some required courses but can design their program in consultation with a faculty member, to focus on their particular area of interest. The master\u2019s program\u2019s culminating requirement is a thesis based on original research.

\n

These are examples of courses that may be required for astrophysics master\u2019s students:

\n\n

Doctoral Degree in Astrophysics \u2013 Four to Five Year Duration
\nThe master\u2019s program involves a lot of taught courses. It emphasizes the transition from pure subject learning to independent research. On the other hand, the doctoral degree is like a very long dissertation project. Ph.D. students have a great deal of independence. They have the benefit of supervision from a faculty advisor and may complete some taught classes, but their focus is on their independent research, on contributing original \u2013 new \u2013 knowledge to the field of astrophysics. Academic and research positions in the field generally require a doctoral degree.

\n

Advanced research topics include:
\n- Cosmology and high-energy astrophysics
\n- Cosmic-ray astrophysics
\n- Solar energetic particles
\n- Thunderstorm and lightning physics
\n- High-energy atmospheric physics
\n- Stellar astronomy
\n- Black holes and active galactic nuclei
\n- Galactic jets
\n- Solar physics
\n- Astroinformatics \u2013 data science applied in the domain of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, and planetary science
\n- Planetary surfaces
\n- Exo-planets \u2013 planets outside the Solar System
\n- Human space exploration
\n- Energetic radiation

", "display_order": 2, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:35.547365-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-18T13:19:29.278100-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 147, "page": 1, "title": "Degrees Similar to Astrophysics", "summary_markdown": "**[Astronomy](/degrees/astronomy-degree/)** \r\nAstronomy degree programs teach students about celestial bodies and the energy and forces exerted by their interaction. This means that the curriculum is concerned with the study of objects in space, from the smallest neutrinos to planets, stars, solar systems, galaxies, asteroids, comets, and black holes. \r\n\r\nStudents learn about when these objects were born, how they evolved, how some of them became extinct, and how they move in space. They develop skills to theorize about the origin of the cosmos and to predict future events in the universe. In addition, they study the mechanics involved in building and deploying space stations, satellites, space crafts, and transportation systems. \r\n\r\n**[Aerospace Engineering](/degrees/aerospace-engineering-degree/)** \r\nAerospace engineering degree programs teach the analytical, computational, and engineering and design skills needed to work in the aerospace industry. Topics covered include aerodynamics, orbits, launch, flight controls, and engines. Students learn how to apply this knowledge to the manufacturing, testing, and monitoring of civil or commercial aircraft, military aircraft, missiles, rockets, spacecraft, lunar vehicles, and space stations. \r\n\r\n**[Geology](/degrees/geology-degree/)** \r\nGeology, also known as geoscience and Earth science, is the study of the Earth. Students of the discipline learn about the processes that act upon the Earth, such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions; the materials of which the Earth is made, such as water, oil, metals, and rocks; and the history, evolution, and past climates of the Earth.", "content_markdown": "**[Meteorology](/degrees/meteorology-degree/)** \r\nMeteorology degree programs teach students how to predict weather conditions. The typical curriculum examines atmospheric movement, climate trends, and ozone levels. With an understanding of these concepts, students learn about various meteorological phenomena. They learn how to use statistical analysis to forecast weather events from sun, clouds, and rain to heat waves, droughts, thunderstorms, tropical storms, tornados, and hurricanes. \r\n\r\n**[Physics](/degrees/physics-degree/)** \r\nPhysics is a field that keeps changing as discoveries are made. This means that the field asks at least as many questions as it answers. Students of physics degree programs study matter and energy. They learn about the relationships between the measurable quantities in the universe, which include velocity, electric field, and kinetic energy. In simple terms, the study of physics is an attempt to figure out why objects move in the way that they do.", "content_html": "

Meteorology
\nMeteorology degree programs teach students how to predict weather conditions. The typical curriculum examines atmospheric movement, climate trends, and ozone levels. With an understanding of these concepts, students learn about various meteorological phenomena. They learn how to use statistical analysis to forecast weather events from sun, clouds, and rain to heat waves, droughts, thunderstorms, tropical storms, tornados, and hurricanes.

\n

Physics
\nPhysics is a field that keeps changing as discoveries are made. This means that the field asks at least as many questions as it answers. Students of physics degree programs study matter and energy. They learn about the relationships between the measurable quantities in the universe, which include velocity, electric field, and kinetic energy. In simple terms, the study of physics is an attempt to figure out why objects move in the way that they do.

", "display_order": 3, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:35.549420-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-18T13:28:40.044081-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 147, "page": 1, "title": "Skills You’ll Learn", "summary_markdown": "Throughout their studies and in their efforts to understand the universe and our place in it, astrophysics grads develop these transferable skills: \r\n\r\n- Complex problem-solving \r\n- Dedication to ongoing learning \r\n- Mathematical / quantitative reasoning skills to test theories \r\n- Observation and critical thinking \r\n- Oral and written communication \r\n- Patience \r\n- Pattern recognition \r\n- Project Management \r\n- Report writing \r\n- Research / data collection, interpretation, analysis, and reporting \r\n- Teamwork \r\n- Technical / IT skills", "content_markdown": "", "content_html": "", "display_order": 4, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:35.551563-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-18T13:17:30.056764-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 147, "page": 1, "title": "What Can You Do with an Astrophysics Degree?", "summary_markdown": "Astrophysics grads typically find themselves working in one of three areas: \r\n\r\n**Scientific / Educational** \r\n- Research and development with government agencies and universities; teaching at universities \r\n- Data analysis \r\n- Mission conception \r\n- Astronaut programs \r\n- Advanced concept development \r\n- Distribution of research grants \r\n- Space policy and law \r\n- Aerospace research to support aerospace engineers \r\n\r\n**Technological** \r\n- Design, testing, manufacture, launch, decommissioning, and disposal of spacecraft \r\n- Design and testing of associated ground systems technologies \r\n- Feasibility studies \r\n- Mission planning \r\n- Development of telecommunication satellites \r\n- Development of Earth observation systems for disaster response and climate change monitoring \r\n- Extra-terrestrial probes and rover vehicles \r\n\r\n**Operational** \r\n- Satellite operation \r\n- Mission control / orbit control of spacecraft \r\n- Spacecraft collision avoidance \r\n- Selling of related data to other companies", "content_markdown": "", "content_html": "", "display_order": 5, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:35.553719-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-18T13:17:30.094963-08:00"}], "degree_specializations": []}">

什么是天体物理学学位?

天体物理学是天文学的一个分支。在最严格的意义上,天文学的重点是观测天体,测量它们的位置、光度、运动和其他特征。

天体物理学专注于创造关于天体起源和性质的物理理论。但这两个领域之间的界限是模糊的,今天许多从事空间科学工作的人很少或根本不区分这两个领域。他们认为天文学和天体物理学是一门科学的两个方面。

NASA在天体物理学方面的目标是探索宇宙的起源和命运,包括黑洞、暗能量、暗物质和引力的本质;探索组成我们宇宙的星系、恒星和行星的起源和演化;并发现和研究其他恒星周围的行星,探索它们是否可以孕育生命。

的工作天体物理学家就是试着回答这些目标提出的三个问题。宇宙是如何运作的?我们是怎么走到这一步的?我们是孤独的吗?天体物理学学位课程的工作就是探索这些问题,教学生如何应用物理和化学定律来解释宇宙中恒星、行星、星系、星云和其他物体的诞生、生命和死亡。

程序选项

虽然在天体物理学方面确实存在独特的课程,但许多学校在本科和研究生阶段都提供天文学和天体物理学的结合学位。

天体物理学学士学位-四年
因为天体物理学家通常拥有硕士或博士学位,所以该领域的学士学位并不常见。出于这个原因,继续攻读研究生学位的学生可能会从获得物理学或其他相关科学的学士学位开始他们的学习。基础要求包括普通化学、微积分和线性代数。

以下是本科阶段可能提供的核心课程:

  • 天体物理学基础I -太阳系天体物理学,行星动力学,卫星系统,小行星和彗星,行星大气和内部结构,热平衡,太阳作为恒星,介绍数值计算
  • 天体物理学基础II -星系和恒星的天体物理学,星系结构和动力学,活动核,大尺度结构,网络和相对论宇宙学,恒星大气和谱线,恒星内部,核能发电,主序和演化恒星
  • 观测天文学和实验室-光学和近红外天文观测的原理和技术;天文坐标系;望远镜、照相机、摄谱仪和探测器;天体测量学、光度学和天体光谱学;误差分析,光的性质,数据和成像仪处理
  • 观测项目-实际天文观测;学生选择对象进行研究,并使用研究级望远镜进行远程观测
  • 高级研究项目——在观测、理论或数值天文学或天文学方面的研究;仪器发展
  • 普通物理I和实验室-基于粒子和刚体的微积分力学;运动学,力,能量,动量,旋转,重力,流体,振荡和波
  • 普通物理II和实验室-几何光学中的电和磁
  • 一般物理III和实验室-相对论,介绍量子力学,原子和核物理,和物理光学
  • 理论力学I -粒子动力学,刚体动力学,行星运动
  • 理论力学II -经典力学,太空飞行基础知识,旅行者任务,行星环
  • 电和磁-真空和物质中的静电和静磁场,感应,麦克斯韦方程;交流电路
  • 电磁波-场方程,平面,球面和导波
  • 量子力学-波力学,薛定谔方程,角动量,和潜在的问题
  • 职业道德-伦理原则及其在物理学和天文学研究中的应用
  • 星系和宇宙学-河外天文学和宇宙学,包括星系形态和运动学,光度函数,暗物质,星系群/星系团的性质,引力透镜,红移,宇宙学模型,大爆炸,宇宙的热历史,结构形成
  • 物理光学-经典物理光学基础:物质中的光场,干涉,衍射和偏振
  • 现代物理-原子核和基本粒子物理入门

天体物理学硕士学位-两到三年的时间
在硕士阶段,学生需要学习一些必修课程,但可以与教师协商设计课程,专注于他们感兴趣的特定领域。硕士课程的最高要求是一篇基于原创研究的论文。

以下是天体物理学硕士学生可能需要的课程示例:

  • 微分方程分析技术“,
  • 科学计算的数值算法“,
  • 科学计算软件工程“,
  • 恒星和行星系统动力学“,
  • 恒星的结构
  • 太空中的漫射物质
  • 高能与天体物理学
  • 等离子体天体物理学概论“,
  • 一般等离子体物理
  • 等离子体波与不稳定性
  • 等离子体中的不可逆过程
  • 融合等离子体和等离子体诊断
  • 流体和等离子体中的湍流和非线性过程
  • 等离子体物理中的计算方法“,
  • 量子力学在光谱学和激光中的应用
  • 等离子体推进物理学
  • 宇宙物理学
  • 统计与机器学习专题“,

天体物理学博士学位——四到五年
硕士课程包括很多教授的课程。它强调从单纯的学科学习到独立研究的转变。另一方面,博士学位就像一个很长的论文项目。博士生有很大的独立性。他们有指导老师的指导,可以完成一些授课课程,但他们的重点是他们的独立研究,为天体物理学领域贡献原创的新知识。该领域的学术和研究职位通常需要博士学位。

高级研究课题包括:

  • 宇宙学和高能天体物理学
  • 宇宙射线天体物理学
  • 太阳高能粒子
  • 雷暴和闪电物理学
  • 高能大气物理学
  • 恒星天文学
  • 黑洞和活动星系核
  • 银河战斗机
  • 太阳物理学
  • 天体信息学——应用于天文学、天体物理学、宇宙学和行星科学领域的数据科学
  • 行星表面
  • 系外行星——太阳系以外的行星
  • 人类太空探索
  • 精力充沛的辐射

学位与天体物理学类似

天文学
天文学学位课程教授学生有关天体以及它们相互作用产生的能量和力。这意味着课程涉及太空物体的研究,从最小的中微子到行星、恒星、太阳系、星系、小行星、彗星和黑洞。

学生们了解这些物体是何时诞生的,它们是如何进化的,它们中的一些是如何灭绝的,以及它们是如何在空间中移动的。他们发展了关于宇宙起源的理论和预测宇宙中未来事件的技能。此外,他们还研究建造和部署空间站、卫星、宇宙飞船和运输系统所涉及的力学。

航空航天工程
航空航天工程学位课程教授在航空航天工业工作所需的分析、计算、工程和设计技能。主题包括空气动力学、轨道、发射、飞行控制和发动机。学生学习如何将这些知识应用于民用或商用飞机、军用飞机、导弹、火箭、宇宙飞船、月球飞行器和空间站的制造、测试和监控。

地质
地质学,也被称为地球科学和地球科学,是对地球的研究。该学科的学生学习作用于地球的过程,如洪水、山体滑坡、地震和火山爆发;构成地球的物质,如水、油、金属和岩石;以及地球的历史、演变和过去的气候。

气象学
气象学学位课程教授学生如何预测天气状况。典型的课程考查大气运动、气候趋势和臭氧水平。了解这些概念后,学生可以了解各种气象现象。他们学习如何使用统计分析来预测天气事件,从太阳,云,雨到热浪,干旱,雷暴,热带风暴,龙卷风和飓风。

物理
物理学是一个随着新发现不断变化的领域。这意味着该领域提出的问题至少和它回答的问题一样多。物理学学位课程的学生研究物质和能量。他们了解宇宙中可测量量之间的关系,包括速度、电场和动能。简单地说,物理学的研究就是试图弄清楚物体为什么会这样运动。

你将学会的技能

在他们的学习过程中,在他们努力理解宇宙和我们在宇宙中的位置的过程中,天体物理学的毕业生培养了这些可转移的技能:

  • 复杂的解决问题
  • 致力于持续学习
  • 检验理论的数学/定量推理能力
  • 观察和批判性思维
  • 口头和书面交流
  • 耐心
  • 模式识别
  • 项目管理
  • 报告写作
  • 研究/数据收集、解释、分析和报告
  • 团队合作
  • 技术/ IT技能

天体物理学学位能做什么?

天体物理学毕业生通常会在以下三个领域之一工作:

科学/教育

  • 与政府机构和大学合作进行研究和开发;大学教学
  • 数据分析
  • 任务的概念
  • 宇航员计划
  • 先进概念开发
  • 研究资助的分配
  • 空间政策和法律
  • 支持航天工程师的航天研究

技术

  • 航天器的设计、测试、制造、发射、退役和处置
  • 相关地面系统技术的设计和测试
  • 可行性研究
  • 任务规划
  • 电信卫星的发展
  • 开发用于灾害响应和气候变化监测的地球观测系统
  • 外星探测器和漫游者

操作

  • 卫星操作
  • 航天器的任务控制/轨道控制
  • 航天器防撞
  • 将相关数据出售给其他公司

学费

看看哪些学校学费最贵,哪些学校学费最便宜。

了解学费