Bachelor\u2019s Degree in Biotechnology \u2013 Three to Four Year Duration
\nThe Bachelor\u2019s Degree in Biotechnology is a suitable foundation for admission to professional schools such as medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, optometry, and veterinary medicine. It also prepares students to launch a career in biotech or for graduate studies in biotechnology or another life sciences discipline.

\n

The curriculum at this level takes a more in-depth approach to the subject matter described in the associate degree section above. In addition, the biotech bachelor\u2019s program places greater emphasis on technical laboratory proficiency in applying fundamental knowledge of biology and microbiology.

\n

Beyond the core coursework described in the associate degree section, biotechnology bachelor\u2019s students take courses in advanced fundamentals and applications, such as these:

\n\n

Master\u2019s Degree in Biotechnology \u2013 One to Two Year Duration
\nDoctoral Degree in Biotechnology \u2013 Three to Five Year Duration
\nWhile graduate programs may require completion of some compulsory coursework, biotechnology master\u2019s and doctoral students focus their studies on supervised research of topics related to their thesis or dissertation. Different schools will offer different options based on the research areas supported by their faculty members. The areas described below are some of the more common examples.

\n

Medical Sciences
\nExamples of research:
\n- the development of drugs for the treatment of cancer and psychiatric disorders
\n- novel antibiotic innovation
\n- design and development of sensors for application to disease diagnosis

\n

Biological, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences
\nExamples of research:
\n- the search for and discovery of commercially significant natural products
\n- the production of crops with novel traits
\n- the role played by micro-organisms in the turnover of pollutants and the production of novel compounds, including pharmaceuticals and pesticides

\n

Marine Science and Technology
\nExamples of research:
\n- the development of novel antibiotics and omega-3 oils from plankton
\n- the industrial applications of marine organisms, such as the development of environmentally friendly antifouling coatings (specialized paints applied to ships\u2019 hulls to slow the marine growth on the underwater area, protecting the structure from corrosion and abrasion and keeping ships looking good)

", "display_order": 2, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:38.393938-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-07T15:44:06.806635-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 262, "page": 1, "title": "Degrees Similar to Biotechnology", "summary_markdown": "**[Biochemistry](/degrees/biochemistry-degree/)** \r\nThe focus of biochemistry is the chemical processes and reactions that occur in living matter. Biochemists apply principles of both biology and chemistry to issues in many different sectors, including the environment, medicine and health, industry and manufacturing, agriculture, biofuels, and marine science. \r\n\r\n**[Biology](/degrees/biology-degree/)** \r\nA general biology degree program may include subjects like animal biology, invertebrate biology, vertebrate biology, cellular and molecular biology, evolution, microbiology, and ecology. \r\n\r\n**[Biomedical Engineering](/degrees/biomedical-engineering-degree/)** \r\nSimply stated, biomedical engineering uses engineering to solve health and medical problems. For example, a biomedical engineer might look for chemical signals in the body that warn of a particular disease or condition. \r\n\r\n**[Clinical Laboratory Science](/degrees/clinical-laboratory-science-degree/)** \r\nDegree programs in clinical laboratory science prepare students to work as laboratory technicians, who use chemicals and other substances to test body fluids and tissues for the purpose of diagnosing diseases. The curriculum combines chemistry, biology, and medicine.", "content_markdown": "**[Genetics](/degrees/genetics-degree/)** \r\nGenetics is concerned with how traits such as hair color, eye color, and risk for disease are passed or inherited from parents to their children, and how these inherited traits differ from person to person. At the center of the study of genetics is the genetic code or \u2018genome.\u2019 This genetic information is made up of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is stored in almost every cell in the body. \r\n\r\n**[Microbiology](/degrees/microbiology-degree/)** \r\nMicrobiology is the study of all living organisms that are too small to see with the naked eye. These \u2018microbes\u2019 include bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa, and algae. \r\n\r\n**[Molecular Biology](/degrees/molecular-biology-degree/)** \r\nThe field of molecular biology is concerned with genetics, with the structure and the relationships between four molecules in the body: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids. \r\n\r\n**[Pharmaceutical Science](/degrees/pharmaceutical-science-degree/)** \r\nPharmaceutical science is concerned with the discovery and development of new drugs and therapies. The main categories of the field are drug discovery and design, drug delivery, drug action, clinical sciences, drug analysis, cost effectiveness of medicines, and regulatory affairs.", "content_html": "

Genetics
\nGenetics is concerned with how traits such as hair color, eye color, and risk for disease are passed or inherited from parents to their children, and how these inherited traits differ from person to person. At the center of the study of genetics is the genetic code or \u2018genome.\u2019 This genetic information is made up of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is stored in almost every cell in the body.

\n

Microbiology
\nMicrobiology is the study of all living organisms that are too small to see with the naked eye. These \u2018microbes\u2019 include bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa, and algae.

\n

Molecular Biology
\nThe field of molecular biology is concerned with genetics, with the structure and the relationships between four molecules in the body: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids.

\n

Pharmaceutical Science
\nPharmaceutical science is concerned with the discovery and development of new drugs and therapies. The main categories of the field are drug discovery and design, drug delivery, drug action, clinical sciences, drug analysis, cost effectiveness of medicines, and regulatory affairs.

", "display_order": 3, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:38.396346-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-07T15:45:15.740724-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 262, "page": 1, "title": "Skills You’ll Learn", "summary_markdown": "Individuals who study and work in the field of biotechnology develop a set of skills that are transferable to a variety of careers. Among these skills are: \r\n\r\n- Attention to detail \r\n- Investigation, research, analysis, and complex problem-solving \r\n- Technical savvy \r\n- Creativity / innovative thinking \r\n- Product design, development, testing, and modification \r\n- Three-dimensional conceptual ability \r\n- Appreciation for product marketability \r\n- Communication and teamwork skills developed through the need to collaborate with professionals in the medical, scientific, and engineering fields \r\n- Report writing and documentation", "content_markdown": "", "content_html": "", "display_order": 4, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:38.398732-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-07T15:41:07.834590-08:00"}, {"degree_id": 262, "page": 1, "title": "What Can You Do with a Biotechnology Degree?", "summary_markdown": "Due to the specific nature of the biotechnology degree, most graduates of the discipline work directly in the growing life sciences industries, filling increasing demand from employers utilizing technologies such as molecular biology, genetic engineering, tissue culture, reproductive intervention, and biomass conversion (plant or animal material used as fuel to produce electricity or heat). Biotech grads apply these technologies in a variety of applications, including: \r\n\r\n- Vaccine and pharmaceutical development \r\n- Biomedical research \r\n- Genetic diagnostic testing \r\n- Bio-renewable product development \r\n- Agronomic seed production \r\n- Livestock breeding \r\n- DNA analysis / parentage testing and verification of identity \r\n- Food science \r\n- Criminal forensics", "content_markdown": "Some of the specific roles held by biotechnologists include: \r\n\r\n- Genetic Engineer \u2013 by manipulating an organism\u2019s genes, genetic engineers can make a plant more resistant to disease or pests, or modify bacteria to carry drugs to targeted tissues \r\n- [Bioinformatics Scientist](//www.chevelle-parts.com/careers/bioinformatics-scientist/) \u2013 merges biological science and computer science, taking massive amounts of biological data and gaining applicable insights from it \r\n- Biopharmaceutical Specialist \u2013 discovers, designs, manufactures, and commercializes DNA-derived biotech products that include antibodies, vaccines, biosimilars (biologic medical products highly similar to another already approved biological medicine), and cellular immunotherapies \r\n- [Biomedical Engineer](//www.chevelle-parts.com/careers/biomedical-engineer/) \u2013 designs products such as artificial limbs, internal organs, devices that regulate insulin, and laser systems that can be used in corrective eye surgery \r\n- [Clinical Research Coordinator](//www.chevelle-parts.com/careers/clinical-research-coordinator/) \u2013 makes sure new medicines are safe through clinical trials and scientific research \r\n- Plant Biotechnologist \u2013 modifies the genetic makeup of a plant to foster more beneficial traits, such as resistance to pests, disease, droughts, and herbicides \r\n- [Animal Scientist](//www.chevelle-parts.com/careers/animal-scientist/) \u2013 genetically manipulates laboratory animals, such as mice and rats, in the interests of human health and development; studies livestock productivity and welfare \r\n- Biomedical Researcher \u2013 conducts research to improve overall human health; designs and conducts studies to investigate human disease; standardizes drug delivery methods for mass manufacturing and distribution; develops programs with health departments to improve patient outcomes \r\n- [Craft Beer Brewer](//www.chevelle-parts.com/careers/brewmaster/) \u2013 applies biotechnology to identify the right dosage and strains of yeast, barley, and hops in beer production \r\n- Environmental Biotechnologist \u2013 develops, uses, and regulates biological systems to repair contaminated environments and establish environment friendly processes; looks for natural solutions to environmental hazards", "content_html": "

Some of the specific roles held by biotechnologists include:

\n", "display_order": 5, "created_at": "2019-08-29T17:56:38.400905-07:00", "updated_at": "2022-01-07T15:46:39.150856-08:00"}], "degree_specializations": []}">

什么是生物技术学位?

生物技术——操纵生物体来生产或修改有用的产品——是人类潜力的前沿。这个领域可以追溯到一万多年前。最初的生物技术人员发现了改良种子作物、选择性饲养牲畜、发明面包、啤酒和葡萄酒的方法。

生物技术专家在20世纪和21世纪,他们的成就包括发现青霉素、揭示DNA结构、开始绘制人类基因组、干细胞编程和生物信息学。

从优化食物来源和可再生清洁能源到规避遗传缺陷、治疗绝症和延长人类寿命,生物技术的使命是改变一切可能的极限。从生物学、化学、微生物学和生物化学的基础开始,在该领域攻读学位的学生将继续拓展这些极限。

程序选项

生物技术副学士学位-为期两年
二级生物技术专业强调生物技术的基本原理、概念和技术以及与该行业相关的应用实验室技能。课程从生物技术、生物、化学和数学的入门课程开始。

一些学校为学生提供与合作伙伴生物技术公司一起参加校外生物技术实习的选择。生物技术专业的毕业生可以继续获得该领域的学士学位,也可以在工作岗位上担任初级职位。

以下是组成生物技术专业典型副学士课程的核心课程样本:

  • 大学写作导论——一门从学术角度强调批判性思维、阅读和写作过程的作文课程;以写作回应阅读;标准文档程序
  • 生物学原理——生命的分子和细胞基础,酶,光合作用,细胞呼吸,遗传学,繁殖和发育
  • 生物技术导论-生物技术的概念,因为它们与生物技术行业的工作有关;产品开发概述;GLP(良好实验室规范),GCP(良好临床规范),GMP(良好生产规范),雇主期望,基本的实验室数学和统计,缓冲制剂(缓冲溶液在各种各样的化学应用中被用作保持pH值接近恒定的手段),处理设备和试剂(用于化学分析或其他反应的物质或混合物),实验设计介绍,安全注意事项,工作场所道德,介绍相关生物技术数据库
  • 化学原理-原子结构、周期体系、化学键、命名法、化学计量学(化学反应中反应物和生成物的计算)、重量关系、分子动力学理论、气体、液体和固体、溶液、化学反应和热化学
  • 细胞培养和细胞功能-介绍在培养中培养动物细胞的基本方法和细胞结构和功能的相关原理;主题包括无菌技术(使用实践和技术来防止病原体的污染),各种细胞培养基的制备和使用,细胞计数和稀释,细胞系,污染,细胞染色(一种在显微镜下可以更好地可视化细胞和细胞成分的技术),以及质量控制
  • 蛋白质生物技术——介绍应用于生物技术的蛋白质结构和功能的特点,特别是在药物发现和治疗方面;蛋白质实验室使用的实验室技术;完成蛋白质实验室中经常遇到的计算;记录、分析和评估在蛋白质实验室收集的数据
  • 微生物学——微生物概述,强调细菌及其结构、代谢活性、遗传学和微生物控制机制;微生物与人类、环境、疾病和免疫的关系
  • 遗传学原理。遗传信息的分子组织;遗传学在人类健康、医学和生物技术中的应用
  • 基础免疫学和免疫学方法——介绍免疫系统的组成部分及其相互作用;如何在生物技术中利用这些成分;免疫学实验室常见的实验任务和计算
  • 有机化学与生物化学概论-介绍有机化学,强调生物系统的基本概念和应用
  • 核酸方法-介绍用于核酸研究的基本分子技术;主题包括DNA和RNA的结构,DNA分离和测序,基因组学和生物信息学

生物技术学士学位-三到四年学制
生物技术学士学位是进入医学、牙科、药学、验光和兽医等专业学校的合适基础。它还为学生在生物技术领域或生物技术或其他生命科学学科的研究生学习做准备。

这一层次的课程对上面副学士学位部分所描述的主题采取了更深入的方法。此外,生物技术学士课程更强调应用生物学和微生物学基础知识的技术实验室熟练程度。

除了副学士学位部分描述的核心课程外,生物技术学士学生还学习高级基础知识和应用课程,例如:

  • 发育生物学
  • 微生物生理学
  • 医学和兽医免疫学
  • 医学和兽医病毒学
  • 生物材料工程特性与实验室“,
  • 家畜育种与遗传
  • 乳业微生物学实验室
  • 实验室作物改良原理
  • 传染病实验室

生物技术硕士学位-一到两年时间
生物技术博士学位-三至五年学制
虽然研究生项目可能需要完成一些必修课程,生物技术硕士和博士学生的研究重点是与他们的论文或学位论文相关的主题的指导研究。不同的学校会根据教师支持的研究领域提供不同的选择。下面描述的是一些比较常见的例子。

医学科学
研究的例子:

  • 癌症和精神疾病治疗药物的开发
  • 新型抗生素创新
  • 用于疾病诊断的传感器的设计与开发

生物,农业和环境科学
研究的例子:

  • 寻找和发现具有商业价值的天然产物
  • 具有新特性的作物的生产
  • 微生物在污染物的转化和新化合物(包括药品和杀虫剂)的生产中所起的作用

海洋科学与技术
研究的例子:

  • 从浮游生物中开发新型抗生素和omega-3油
  • 海洋生物的工业应用,例如开发环保防污涂料(涂在船体上的专门涂料,以减缓海洋在水下区域的生长,保护结构不受腐蚀和磨损,保持船舶的外观)

与生物技术相关的学位

生物化学
生物化学的重点是发生在生命物质中的化学过程和反应。生物化学家将生物学和化学的原理应用于许多不同部门的问题,包括环境、医药和健康、工业和制造、农业、生物燃料和海洋科学。

生物学
一般生物学学位课程可能包括动物生物学、无脊椎动物生物学、脊椎动物生物学、细胞和分子生物学、进化、微生物学和生态学等学科。

生物医学工程
简单地说,生物医学工程利用工程学来解决健康和医疗问题。例如,生物医学工程师可能会在体内寻找警告某种特定疾病或状况的化学信号。

临床实验室科学
临床检验科学的学位课程培养学生成为实验室技术员,他们使用化学物质和其他物质来检测体液和组织,以诊断疾病。课程结合了化学、生物和医学。

遗传学
遗传学关注的是头发颜色、眼睛颜色和患病风险等性状是如何从父母传给或遗传给子女的,以及这些遗传性状在人与人之间有何不同。遗传学研究的中心是遗传密码或“基因组”。“这种遗传信息是由一种叫做脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的化学物质组成的,几乎储存在人体的每个细胞中。”

微生物学
微生物学是研究所有小到肉眼看不见的生物的学科。这些“微生物”包括细菌、古生菌、病毒、真菌、朊病毒、原生动物和藻类。

分子生物学
分子生物学研究的是遗传学,研究体内四种分子之间的结构和关系:蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和核酸。

医药科学
药理学与新药物和新疗法的发现和发展有关。该领域的主要类别是药物发现和设计、药物输送、药物作用、临床科学、药物分析、药物成本效益和监管事务。

技能You’学习

在生物技术领域学习和工作的个人发展了一套可转移到各种职业的技能。这些技能包括:

  • 对细节的关注
  • 调查、研究、分析和解决复杂问题
  • 技术能力
  • 创造力/创新思维
  • 产品的设计、开发、测试和修改
  • 三维概念的能力
  • 对产品适销性的评价
  • 通过需要与医学、科学和工程领域的专业人员合作而发展的沟通和团队合作技能
  • 撰写报告和文档

生物技术学位能做什么?

由于生物技术学位的特殊性质,该学科的大多数毕业生直接在不断增长的生命科学行业工作,利用诸如分子生物学、基因工程、组织培养、生殖干预和生物质转化(植物或动物材料用作发电或发热的燃料)等技术,满足雇主日益增长的需求。生物技术毕业生将这些技术应用于各种各样的应用,包括:

  • 疫苗和药物开发
  • 生物医学研究
  • 基因诊断检测
  • Bio-renewable产品开发
  • 农业种子生产
  • 畜牧业
  • DNA分析/亲子鉴定及身份验证
  • 食品科学
  • 刑事取证

生物技术人员所担任的一些具体角色包括:

  • 基因工程——通过操纵有机体的基因,基因工程可以使植物对疾病或害虫更有抵抗力,或改造细菌,使其将药物运送到目标组织
  • 生物信息学的科学家-融合了生物科学和计算机科学,获取大量的生物数据并从中获得可应用的见解
  • 生物制药专家——发现、设计、制造和商业化dna衍生的生物技术产品,包括抗体、疫苗、生物仿制药(与另一种已获批准的生物药物高度相似的生物医疗产品)和细胞免疫疗法
  • 生物医学工程师-设计可用于眼部矫正手术的假肢、内脏、调节胰岛素的装置和激光系统等产品
  • 临床研究协调员——确保新药通过临床试验和科学研究是安全的
  • 植物生物技术人员-修改植物的基因组成,以培养更有益的性状,如抗虫害、疾病、干旱和除草剂
  • 动物科学家-为了人类的健康和发展,在基因上操纵实验动物,例如老鼠和大鼠;研究牲畜生产力和福利
  • 生物医学研究人员——开展研究以改善人类整体健康;设计和开展研究以调查人类疾病;规范大规模生产和分销的药物输送方法;与卫生部门共同制定计划,以改善患者的预后
  • 精酿啤酒啤酒-应用生物技术来确定啤酒生产中酵母、大麦和啤酒花的正确剂量和品种
  • 环境生物技术专家-开发、使用和调节生物系统以修复受污染的环境并建立对环境友好的过程;寻找环境危害的自然解决方案

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